Estallido -

: While 78% of voters approved the idea of a new constitution in 2020, the first resulting draft was rejected by 62% of voters in September 2022.

Chile's Estallido Social and the Art of Protest - Sociologica

: On November 15, 2019, political parties signed an agreement to hold a referendum for a new constitution. Estallido

: The momentum of the movement eventually helped propel former student leader Gabriel Boric to the presidency in 2021. Artistic and Cultural Expression

: International organizations, including the United Nations and Amnesty International , documented widespread human rights violations, including over 400 cases of eye damage caused by police rubber bullets. Political and Institutional Outcomes : While 78% of voters approved the idea

: Protests escalated into severe riots; dozens of subway stations were burned, and President Sebastián Piñera declared a state of emergency, deploying the military for the first time since the dictatorship.

: On October 25, 2019, an estimated 1.2 million people gathered in Santiago's Plaza Baquedano (later dubbed Plaza de la Dignidad ) in the largest demonstration in Chilean history. The (Social Outburst) was a period of massive

The (Social Outburst) was a period of massive civil unrest and social mobilization in Chile that began on October 18, 2019. Sparked by a modest 30-peso subway fare hike in Santiago, the movement rapidly transformed into a nationwide uprising against structural inequality, high living costs, and the 30-year legacy of neoliberal policies inherited from the Pinochet dictatorship. Key Causes and Catalysts