General Alfonso Armada emerged as the key leader for this conservative alternative, leveraging his prestige as the King's former secretary. ⚖️ Beyond the Official Narrative

Muñoz Bolaños introduces the concept of a —a project orchestrated by economic, political, and military elites starting in 1977.

Use both legal and illegal maneuvers to shift the government to the right.

The author contends that the traditional story—depicting a heroic King and a loyal army standing against a tiny group of rebels—is incomplete.

In his rigorous academic study, (2021), historian Roberto Muñoz Bolaños challenges the "official version" of Spain's 1981 coup attempt . He argues that the 23-F coup was not merely a rogue action by a few extremists, but the climax of a broader, years-long effort by conservative elites to "moderate" Spain's democratic transition. 🛡️ The "Parallel Transition"