Coefficients used to predict how a submarine will react to control surface movements.
Avoiding turbulent "breaks" in water flow is essential to staying quiet. Submarine Hydrodynamics
Resistance determines the power required for a submarine to move and impacts its maximum speed and acoustic signature. Friction between water and the hull surface. Coefficients used to predict how a submarine will
Includes sails, rudders, and hydroplanes, which can contribute up to 78% of the total drag of a bare hull. Submarine Hydrodynamics
Designed to ensure laminar flow over sonar arrays for better sensor performance.