: Newer approaches, such as Narrative Therapy and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, focus on how individuals construct meaning and their own personal realities. Psychodynamics
: Developed by figures like B.F. Skinner, this school posits that problematic behaviors are learned and reinforced by the environment. Treatment focuses on changing observable actions in the present.
: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow emphasized the inherent goodness of people and their drive toward self-actualization. The therapist provides a supportive environment (unconditional positive regard) to help clients find their own resources for healing.