: Standard RL agents are vulnerable to "adversarial perturbations"—small, calculated changes to their input that cause catastrophic failure.
: Researchers now use a virtual trajectory method to predict an agent’s future unperturbed states. This allows the estimation of a Maximum Risk Value without needing to train a separate adversary. Maximum Risk
: By identifying the action that leads to the highest potential risk, the system can proactively correct the agent's behavior to maintain robustness. 2. Deep Portfolio Management and Downside Risk : Standard RL agents are vulnerable to "adversarial