The formula of "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality."
A turning point that revealed Russia's technical and economic backwardness compared to the West. Section II: The Great Reforms and Modernization The "Tsar-Liberator" Alexander II (1855–1881) kratkoe soderzhanie paragrafov po istorii rossii 9 klass
Rapid industrialization led by Sergei Witte and the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Section III: Russia in the Early 20th Century The Reign of Nicholas II (1894–1917) The formula of "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality
Triggered by "Bloody Sunday" and defeat in the Russo-Japanese War. Resulted in the creation of the State Duma (Russia's first parliament). The formula of "Orthodoxy