The VDMA flatness requirement was included in the FEM 10.2.14 / 4.103 – 1 and from September 2021 in the European standard EN 15 620. It is therefore an official European flatness standard which must be met. This standard was developed at the request and with the approval of VNA forklift truck manufacturers, flooring contractors, engineering firms and universities, and is based on years of scientific research. VDMA is the only standard worldwide that controls all undulations that influence the driving behaviour of the forklift truck. The undulation of a floor is a combination of both (medium) long and short waiviness.
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The 2021 updates were pivotal for modern C++ development, introducing several high-impact tools: Download CLion: A Smart Cross-Platform IDE for C and C++
JetBrains CLion 2021 for Mac is a powerful C and C++ development environment that remains available through official archives. While JetBrains recently introduced a free non-commercial license for newer versions (2025.1+), the 2021 version is still widely used for its stability on older macOS systems.