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Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church, leading to Protestantism. Ended the religious monopoly of the Pope in Europe.
By the 1700s, people started using to question everything, eventually leading to the birth of modern democracy. Scientific Revolution Using observation and math to explain the universe. Newton's laws; the heliocentric (sun-centered) model. Enlightenment Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church, leading to
Created strong, centralized states like France under Louis XIV. A struggle between the King and Parliament. Led to the first Constitutional Monarchy. 3. The Age of Enlightenment & Revolutions Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church