The "Rum Millet" system under Ottoman occupation.
Definition of Orthodoxy and its claim to apostolic succession.
Thesis statement: The Orthodox Church maintained early Christian traditions while adapting to geopolitical shifts, resulting in a unique synthesis of theology, culture, and national identity. Istoria Biserici Ortodoxe
As the Byzantine Empire fell, Russia emerged as a powerhouse of Orthodoxy. Moscow began to view itself as the "Third Rome," inheriting the mantle of the protector of the faith. The Rise of National Churches
The Orthodox Church by Timothy (Kallistos) Ware — The most widely used English-language introduction to the history and theology of the Church. The "Rum Millet" system under Ottoman occupation
🏛️ Foundational Paper Text: The History of the Orthodox Church The Apostolic Foundation
To finalize your paper, you should consult and cite authoritative texts on this subject: As the Byzantine Empire fell, Russia emerged as
Between the 4th and 8th centuries, the Church held seven Ecumenical Councils. These gatherings were crucial because they formulated Christian dogma and combated heresies like Arianism and Iconoclasm.