The Handbook of Hate Memes (2022), produced by Textgain for the European Commission, analyzes how extremist groups utilize visual metaphors and memes as digital tools for propaganda and radicalization. It outlines how these groups employ specific, "low-threshold" visual narratives to bypass moderation, foster community, and mainstream extremist ideology, particularly regarding far-right, antisemitic, and anti-establishment viewpoints. Explore the full report on the digital ecosystem at sicurezzaterrorismosocieta.it . Fenomeenanalyse - Memes als online wapen - NCTV.nl
