Fabrication Of Complex Optical Elements From Liquids -

By submerging a polymer "liquid lens" into a second, density-matched liquid, the effects of gravity are neutralized. This allows surface tension to naturally shape the liquid into a perfectly smooth, mathematically precise curve.

Instead of using physical molds or tools, researchers leverage the natural physics of liquids, specifically: Fabrication of complex optical elements from liquids

The shape of the lens can be altered in real-time by adjusting the volume of the liquid or the geometry of the containment frame, allowing for the creation of complex, non-spherical (aspheric) lenses in a fraction of the time required by traditional manufacturing. By submerging a polymer "liquid lens" into a