Encyclopedia Of Islam -

: Direct access is available for purchase from Brill, with rates such as $18.00 for one day or $99.00 for 30 days.

Encyclopaedia of Islam Online (English) - Brill Reference Works Encyclopedia of Islam

(1913–1936): Focused primarily on pre-modern history and was largely authored by European scholars. : Direct access is available for purchase from

: Online versions support searching with or without Arabic diacritics. While early editions often used technical Arabic titles for entries, the Third Edition predominantly uses English titles. Alternative Guides for Students and General Readers global Muslim minorities

: The Encyclopaedia of Islam Online allows users to search across all editions.

(2007–Present): Currently in progress and updated four times a year. It emphasizes the 20th century, global Muslim minorities, and expanded social science perspectives. Access and Research Options