It is a harmonized standard under the European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) .
Primarily covers vessels made of steels according to EN 13445-2 . EN 13445-3
Annex B provides the "Direct Route" for design using Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis for complex geometries. Scope and Application It is a harmonized standard under the European
Design of isolated or multiple openings and their reinforcement requirements. I can look into:
The latest major revision is EN 13445-3:2021 , with an active amendment A1:2025 .
📌 This part of the standard is used for design before putting a vessel into service, though it can be adapted for in-service analysis. If you'd like to dive deeper, I can look into: