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between Ogien and other liberal thinkers like John Stuart Mill.

💡 : Ruwen Ogien defines "minimalist ethics" as a system based solely on the prevention of harm to others, effectively removing private behavior and "duties to oneself" from the realm of moral obligation.

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Ruwen Ogien’s moral philosophy represents a radical departure from traditional "maximalist" ethics. While many moral systems seek to provide a comprehensive guide on how to live a "good" or "virtuous" life, Ogien’s "minimalist ethics" proposes a stripped-down framework designed to protect individual freedom while maintaining social cooperation. At the heart of his project is the rejection of moral paternalism and the assertion that ethics should primarily concern our treatment of others, rather than our governance of ourselves. The Core Principle: No Harm to Others

Ogien’s minimalism is deeply rooted in the liberal tradition of state neutrality. He argues that in a pluralistic society, it is impossible to reach a universal consensus on what constitutes a "good life." Therefore, the state and moral philosophy should not promote any specific conception of the good.

Instead, ethics should focus on a "minimal" set of rules that allow people with vastly different values to coexist. This involves: for everyone's interests. Neutrality regarding private lifestyles. The prioritisation of justice over virtue. Conclusion: A Tool for Freedom

The foundation of Ogien's thought is the "harm principle," famously articulated by John Stuart Mill but refined by Ogien for a contemporary context. This principle suggests that the only legitimate reason for moral or legal interference in an individual's life is to prevent harm to others. For Ogien, "harm" must be concrete and objective. Vague notions of "moral offense," "sin," or "indecency" do not constitute harm.