Forestal — Atlas

By analyzing charcoal and wood remains in sites like "Las Quintanas," researchers have reconstructed forest changes dating back to the Celtiberian and Roman eras (5th century BC to 1st century AD). 3. The Modern Rebound: Abandonment and Evolution

The "deep story" identified by the Atlas is largely one of sustained deforestation . Over centuries, the expansion of agriculture, livestock grazing, and the demand for timber for the Spanish Navy and industrialization stripped the plains of their original canopy. Atlas Forestal

This recovery helps with carbon storage and provides environmental services, though it often lacks the full biodiversity of the ancient "deep story" forests due to the dominance of specific species like the beech tree , which casts a deep shadow that can exclude other species. Reconstructing forest history from archaeological data By analyzing charcoal and wood remains in sites

The (specifically the Atlas Forestal de Castilla y León ) tells a "deep story" of the Iberian landscape that spans thousands of years, moving from ancient, untouched wilderness to a landscape heavily shaped by human survival and industry. 1. The Ancient "Refuge" (The Holocene Story) the expansion of agriculture