Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Books Ii--iv: Tr... -

: Intellectual (taught) and Moral (habituated).

: The mean regarding fear and confidence. It is the willingness to face death or pain for a noble end. Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Books II--IV: Tr...

: Virtue is a "mean" state between two vicious extremes: Excess : Having too much of a trait (e.g., Rashness). Deficiency : Having too little of a trait (e.g., Cowardice). : Intellectual (taught) and Moral (habituated)

: We deliberate about means , not ends . Choice is "deliberate desire" for things in our power. The First Specific Virtues : Virtue is a "mean" state between two

Aristotle investigates the conditions under which we are responsible for our actions and details the first two specific virtues. Voluntary vs. Involuntary Action

: Acts originating in the agent with knowledge of the circumstances.

This guide covers Books II through IV of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics , focusing on the edition translated with commentary by C.C.W. Taylor . 🏛️ Book II: The Nature of Virtue