Each of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids shares a common core structure: a central alpha-carbon atom bonded to an amino group ( ), a carboxyl group ( ), a hydrogen atom, and a unique (side chain).
Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins, serving as essential organic compounds that regulate nearly every biological process in the human body. Beyond their role in protein synthesis, they act as critical precursors for hormones, neurotransmitters, and enzymes, while also providing a secondary source of energy. Amino acids : biochemistry and nutrition
: This variable side chain determines the specific chemical properties of each amino acid—such as its size, charge, and solubility—which ultimately dictates how a protein folds and functions. Each of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids shares