[1351-1400] 〈Best〉

: This era was a precursor to the "Military Revolution." European states began refining the use of artillery, firearms, and fortifications , giving them a comparative advantage in violence well before the 1800s. Art and Illuminated Manuscripts

: Italian and other European artists developed distinct miniature painting techniques that captured religious and courtly life with increasing detail. Material Culture and Warfare [1351-1400]

: Because of labor shortages, survivors in Western Europe often had more room for decision-making and the commercialization of agrarian produce . : This era was a precursor to the "Military Revolution

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The late 14th century, specifically the years , was a transformative era defined by the aftermath of the Black Death and the subsequent shifts in European society, economy, and art. Society and Economy After the Plague

The second half of the 14th century was a golden age for , characterized by the International Gothic style.

: Beyond Europe, cultures like the Inca (though peak empire was later) were already valuing woven cloth—made from cotton, llama, and alpaca wool—as highly as precious metals .